Chris's Sports was his wife's fathers bike so it has some history. The Sports is actually in pretty good starting shape. A lot of the regular stuff on a Sports this old like bent fender struts and some rust. The Sports is going to receive a complete restoration but with saving the original paint. The Sports will also receive new Delta Cruiser tires and tubes, new cables, cable housings and bearings, new pedals, new grips and new decals. With the original paint polished and brought back as far as possible the new decals will make a huge difference and make everything pop.
Everyone already knows how much I love three speeds. They are work horses and stuff as nails. They helped Europe rebuild after the war. Three speeds are such comfortable bikes and ride beautifully. I have not rode mine as much as normal this year because I have dedicated the summer to training but it still gets many trips around town.
Surprisingly it has been a very log while since I have restored a black Raleigh three speed, I can't wait to see the results!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Handlebars |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Stem & Handlebars |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Light Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Front Brake |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Front Wheel Hub |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Front Wheel Rim |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Stem |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Fork Crown |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Front Fender & Wheel |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Top Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Down Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Brooks Saddle |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Tube Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Seat Tube Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Crank |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Chain Guard |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Seat Lug |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Rear Brake |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Rear Wheel Hub |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Rear Wheel Rim |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Rear Fender |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Rear Fender |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bicycle Before Rear Wheel Hub |
With the Sports broken down to the frame I find the frame paint to be in pretty good starting shape. The paint is very dull and rough in some spots but Raleigh paint is very soft and usually polishes back beautifully.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Top Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Top Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Down Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Seat Lug |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Tube Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Seat Tube Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Seat Lug |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Seat Stays |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Chain Stays |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Drop Out |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Fork |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Fork Crown |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Fork Crown |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Fork Blades |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Fork Drop Outs |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Before Fork Blades |
I worked through the polishing grits and then stepped back a few grits and did it again. The paint polished beautifully, I couldn't be happier. There are a few chips here and there that will be treated but overall not many. The black paint just shines! I love this stuff! The original decals are still in place until the new decals arrive. If you have ever ordered decals before you know how there is no consistency in getting them at a reasonable time.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Down Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Top Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Down Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Seat Lug |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Seat Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Seat Lug |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Seat Stays |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Chain Stays |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Drop Outs |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Fork |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Fork Crown |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Fork Crown |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Fork Blades |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Fork Blades |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Frame Polished Fork Blades |
While polishing the frame I started work on polishing the fenders and chain guard. The fenders are very dull and dirty. I gave the fenders and chain guard a good cleaning. After the cleaning I worked through the polishing grits. After working through the grits I decided to work through them one more time. The fenders and chain guard polished beautifully! The chain guard is a little rough but overall turned out nice. Overall I am very happy with the fenders and chain guard and can't wait to see them installed on the completed Sports!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Front Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Rear Fender Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Chain Guard Polished |
With the frame polished it is time to start installing the restored components. The headset and bottom bracket where a little rough to start. The old grease was stubborn even in the crock pot. When the pieces where finally cleaned I worked through the polishing wheels. The headset and bottom bracket polished very nice. I really love how the head lamp bracket turned out and the heron looks great! New bearings and grease and the headset and bottom bracket spin great!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Headset & Bottom Bracket Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Headset & Bottom Bracket Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Pressing Headset Cups |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Headset Cups Pressed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Headset Bearings Packed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Headset Bearings Packed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Headset Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Headset Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bottom Bracket Bearings Packed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bottom Bracket Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Bottom Bracket Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Headset & Bottom Bracket Complete |
Next on the list is the handlebars and stem. The handlebars looked very rough but the rust was not that bad in the end. After some polishing the stem looks fantastic and the handlebars turned out amazing considering where they started. I love this stuff!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Handlebars & Stem Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Handlebars & Stem Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Handlebars Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Handlebars Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem Exploded |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Handlebars & Stem Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Handlebars Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem & Handlebars Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Stem & Handlebars Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Stem & Handlebars Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Stem & Handlebars Complete |
The saddle is being treated and will be installed later. The seat post and binder bolt cleaned and polished beautifully. I am very pleased with the results.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Seat Post & Saddle Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Seat Post Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Seat Post & Binder Bolt Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Seat Post Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Seat Post Installed |
Got lucky with the brake calipers, around this time there is the possibility of having brake calipers that require pear ended cables, these do not so we can use regular brake cables. I broke the calipers down and did the cleaning and polishing. The calipers really polished nice and look incredible installed next the polished black paint.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Calipers Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Calipers Exploded |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Calipers Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Calipers Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Brake Caliper - Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Brake Caliper Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Calipers Installed |
Next was the brake calipers and shift lever. The levers cleaned and polished very nice. I am very happy with the shift lever, it cleaned very well, I flushed it out and lubricated it and it moves very smooth and best off all the shift lever looks great!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Levers Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift Lever Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift Lever Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift Lever Exploded |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Brake Levers Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift Lever Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift Lever Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift & Brake Levers Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift & Brake Levers Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Shift & Brake Levers Installed |
A part that can go unnoticed but makes all the difference in a restoration is the cable guides. Polished cable guides look so good. These cable guides I don't think could have gotten better. They look fantastic against the polished black paint. I love chrome and black paint.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Cable Guides Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Cable Guides Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Cable Guides Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Cable Guides Installed |
The crank decided to fight me. Even with my cotter pin press I could not get the pins to budge. I had to drill the cotters to release some pressure and then they broke free. The drive side off the crank I have to polish by hand. A crank gets caught in the polishing wheels very easily and can shoot back hard. I have a very cool scar on my shoulder when sometime back a chain ring caught a wheel and stuck in my shoulder.
The crank turned out beautiful with hand polishing. I installed heavily greased new cotter pins. The crank looks fantastic installed!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Crank Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Drill Crank Cotters |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Crank Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - New Crank Cotters |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Crank Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration - Crank Installed |
I am currently working on the wheels, I am thrilled how the Sports is coming along. I can't wait to see the wheels installed!
I should have updated the post for the Sports a while ago. It has been sitting done except for the two month wait on the decals from Velocals.
The wheels are in pretty good starting shape. There are some rough areas but not to bad. I broke down the wheels and cleaned all of the axle pieces. I then cleaned and polished the wheel hubs and rims. The hubs polished beautifully. The rims also polished very nice except for a few areas that the chrome chipped away to the copper layer below. The 3 speed hub restored beautifully and with new grease and bearings spin and functions very nice. The front wheel also spins beautifully.
I installed new tire tubes and new Schwalbe Delta Cruisers in cream, they look fantastic and really bring the Sports together. I am super happy with the results of the wheels!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Hub Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Rim Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Hub Old Grease |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Hub Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Rim Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Rim Polished - Rough Area |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Bearings Packed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Axle Pieces |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration New Schwalbe Tires |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Front Wheel Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Hub Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Hub Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Rim Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Hub Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Hub Old Grease |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Bearings Packed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Axle Pieces Before |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Axle Pieces Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Axle Pieces Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Hub Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Hub Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Rim Polished |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Rear Wheel Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Wheels & Fenders Complete |
Next I wired the Raleigh Sports. I chose the Dark Ice Gray housings. I like how the Ice Gray housings go with the black color. New cables and housings and the brakes and shifting work perfectly and smooth.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration New Cables & Housings |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Wired |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Wired |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Saddle Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Saddle Installed |
That is where the Raleigh sat for quite a while while I waited on the decals. The decals are good quality. Not exactly every decal I was expecting. The gold seat post decals are not available. I removed the original gold decals because they where damaged and pealing off. I will keep an eye out for replacements.
The original decals took sometime to remove, they where being stubborn. When removed I cleaned the areas, polished the paint underneath and cleaned the surface for application.
After some drying time I removed the masking. The decals look great installed. They make a big difference in the appearance of the Sports. I am very happy.
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration New Decals |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Fork Decal Area Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Fork Decal Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Tube Decal Area Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Tube Decal Applied & Drying |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Tube Decal Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Down Tube Decal Area Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Down Tube Decal Applied |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Down Tube Decal Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Chain Guard Decal Area Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Chain Guard Decal Applied |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Chain Guard Decal Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Made in England Area Ready |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Made in England Decal Applied |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Made in England Decal Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Chain Guard Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Handlebar Grips Shellacked & Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration New Pedals Installed |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete |
I original tuned the bike about a month or more ago. Today after final photos I just rode the Sports. I love this bike!! It is so comfortable and just glides along. The gear ratio is very nice! The Raleigh 3 speeds have such nice geometry and just feels so good when riding. I could ride this bike on a all day exploring ride and never feel soar or tired. The saddle is perfectly broken in and subtle. The cork grips feel very nice in the hand. The Schwalbe tires just glide. I am jealous the Sports has to go home! I love it!!
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Handlebars |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Stem & Handlebars |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Front Brake Caliper |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Front Fender |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Front Wheel Hub |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Front Wheel Rim |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Stem |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Shift Lever |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Front Half |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Top Tube Cable Guides |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Made in England |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Down Tube Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Head Tube |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Saddle |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Tube Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Raleigh Decal |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Bottom Bracket |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Drive Train |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Crank |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Chain Guard |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Saddle |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Rear Brake Caliper |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Rear Wheel Hub |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Rear Wheel Hub |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Rear Wheel Rim |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete - Rear Fender |
Chris's 1970's Raleigh Sports Restoration Bicycle Complete |
John Z.